Harshen Hausa yana cikin manyan harsunan duniya da suke samun ci-gaba a fannonin fasahar zamani.
Amma yana fuskantar rashin hanzari wajen samun karbuwa a sabbin manhajoji da fasahohi, sakamakon wasu dalilai da masana suka zayyana.
Daliban kimiyyar kwamfuta suna sabunta iliminsu a koyaushe daidai za zamani.
Harsuna a fadin duniya suna samun tagomashi a fannin fasahar zamani, tun daga na’ura mai kwakwalwa, da manhajojin sarrafa na’urori don aiwatar da ayyukan yau-da-kullum, da kuma Kirkirarriyar Basira (AI) mai gudana kan na’urori da injina.
Harshen Hausa yana cikin manyan harsunan duniya da suke samun ci-gaba a fannonin fasahar zamani. Amma kuma harshen yana fuskantar rashin hanzari wajen samun karbuwa a sabbin manhajoji da fasahohi, sakamakon wasu dalilai da masana suka zayyana.
1) Wadatar bayanai a intanet
Zurfin alakar harshe da fasahar kwamfuta ya sanya ana mayar da cibiyoyin nazarin harsuna zuwa tsangayar nazarin fasahar kwamfuta.
Amma harsuna hamshakai irin su Ingilishi da Faransanci da Larabci da Canisanci da Rashanci, su ke da wadatattun bayanai da wallafe-wallafe a intanet.
Duk da kasancewarsa na uku a yawan al’umma a Afirka bayan Larabci da Swahili, harshen Hausa yana cikin harsunan asali na Afirka wadanda ba su da wadatar bayanai, da wallafe-wallafe a intanet, sakamakon karancin masu samar da su a samfurin dijital.
Akwai kamus na Hausa a intanet daban-daban, amma ba su da wadatattun kalmomi na zamani.
Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad, masanin kwamfuta mai karatun Digirin-digirgir a Jami’ar Porto ta kasar Portugal, ya fada wa TRT Afrika cewa “Hausa ba ta da wadattatun kundin kalmomi da aka sarrafa kuma aka daidaita su don amfani a fasahohin kwamfuta da na kirkirarriyar basira.”
Ya kara da cewa, “Wannan ne ya sa fasahar nan mai farin-jini ta ChatGPT mai kirkirar bayanai, ba ta bayar da amsa mai kyau a harshen Hausa.
“Dalilin shi ne babu wadataccen bayanan Hausa da za a horar da samfurin yaren kwamfuta da zai gina basirarsa, don inganta kwarewarsa.”
Yayin da harshe kamar Ingilishi yake da kundin kalmomi da adadinsa ya kai biliyoyi, Hausa yana da ‘yan miloyoyi ne, wanda hakan ke hana manazarta da kamfanonin fasaha damar samar da abubuwan fasaha masu aiki, ko fahimtar harshen Hausa.
Domin shigar da harshe cikin na’ura mai kwakwalwa, ana bukatar sarrafa harshen ta hanyoyi kamar na (annotation) da (data labelling), inda za a karkasa shi gida-gida, yadda zai dace da harshen ko kwakwalwar kwamfuta.
Akwai karancin shafukan intanet da suke wallafe-wallafe a harshen Hausa mai inganci. / Hoto: Others
2) Kundin kalmomin Hausa na dijital
Shi ma Mahmud Kabiru Fagge, wani masanin Hausa a duniyar fasaha, ya fada wa TRT Afrika cewa, “Baya ga karancin wallafe-wallafe a intanet cikin harshen Hausa, akwai kuma yadda harshen Ingilishi yake cin dunduniyar harshen Hausa, ta yadda Hausawa sukan zabi amfani da Ingilishin maimakon Hausa a wallafe-wallafensu.”
Matukar Hausawa da masu amfani da harshen Hausa ba su samar da bayanai na dijital a Hausa ba, ta hanyar wallafe-wallafen rubutu da sauti, da bidiyon Hausa a intanet ba, to kafin a gina kundin bayanan Hausa, sai an kashe kudi da kuma daukar lokaci mai tsawo.
Irin wadannan kundaye sun hada da kamus, da kirkirarrun wallafe-wallafe, da labaru, da ake tattarawa don gina kundin (corpus) mai Hausa da Ingilishi bi-da-bi, wanda daga shi ne ake iya koyar da na’urar masarrafar kwamfuta ko manhaja, yadda za ta fahimta da sarrafa harshe.
Mahmud Fagge mazaunin Amurka kuma wanda shi ne mawallafin kamus din hausa a intanet mai suna HausaDictionary.com, ya koka kan matsalar rashin ingantattun shafukan Hausa da manazarta za su yi amfani da su don gina manhajoji da fasahohi a harshen.
Ana gina Kirkirarriyar Basira (Artificial Intelligence) ne ta hanyar koyar da kwakwalwar kwamfuta harshen dan’adam
Malam Ibrahim Sheme wani sanannen marubucin Hausa ne kuma mawallafin mujallar Fim a Kadunan Nijeriya. Shi ma ya nuna cewa “Duk da fasahar zamani ta fadada damar yin magana da rubutu da harshen Hausa, a rediyo da jaridun intanet da soshiyal midiya, masu rubutun ba koyaushe suke bin ka’idar rubutun ba, balle su samar da sahihin kundin Hausa a intanet”.
3) Ilimin rubutun Hausa da fassara da gargajiyantarwa
Dr Danlami Gwammaja, malamin Hausa a kwalegin AKCILS a Kano, ya ce, “Daya daga cikin matsalolin da harshen Hausa ke fuskanta a duniyar fasaha shi ne rashin samun yadda za a iya buga harruffan Hausa masu lanƙwasa a na’urorin rubutu na dijital.”
Dr Gwammaja wanda masanin fassarar Hausa ne, ya koka kan yadda ake amfani da harshen Hausa a rubuce-rubucen da ake gani a shafuka kamar Facebook, inda ya yi nuni da cewa, “Mafi yawanci ba daidai ake rubuta Hausa a shafukan sada zumunta ba.”
Ba kowa ne ya san yadda ake sauya allon madannai ko harshen manhaja zuwa Hausa ba, don rubuta kalmomin Hausa masu lankwasa a waya ko kwamfuta. Sannan ba kowa yake da hakurin kwafo haruffa daga wani rubutun ba don sanya wa a wani.
Wannan ya sa masana da masu kishin harshen Hausa suke kokawa kan yadda ake cin zarafin harshen a allunan talla, da kuma tallace-tallacen da ake sakawa a shafukan sada zumunta na zamani. Haka nan, ana ganin kurakurai a rubutun cikin manhajoji da shafukan intanet.
A fassara da gargajiyartarwa (localization), ana samun tarin kurakurai sakamakon rashin kwarewa kan harsunan da ke fassara junansu, ko rashin gwanancewar masu aikin, ko kuma rashin tace ayyukan fassara bayan yin su.
Ba ya ga bukatar samar da daidaitacciyar fassarar Hausa cikin harsunan duniya kamar Ingilishi don gina fasahar fassara a kwamfuta, akwai bukatar littafan Hausa a fassara su, kuma a juya su zuwa zubin dijital, ta hanyar amfani da na’urori kamar na fotokwafi, wato (digitization).
4) Kwararru kan fasahohin kwamfuta da intanet
Kafin mutum ya iya taimaka wa wajen samar da rubutu, ko murya, ko bidiyo, ko zane, ko duk wani salon bayanai da ake iya saka wa a na’ura mai kwakwalwa da sauran na’urorin dijital ko intanet, dole sai ya nakalci Hausa a ilmance, sannan ya san fasahar digital da intanet a aikace.
Alamu sun nuna akwai masu yin ayyukan da ba su amfani da manhajoji masu saukaka ayyukan fassara, da tace rubutu don cire kurakurai.
Sai kuma rashin sanin yadda ake amfani da manhajojin kula da aiki, wadanda ke iya sanyawa a aiwatar da aiki mai yawa cikin kankanin lokaci.
Shamsuddeen, wanda yake koyarwa a sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami’ar Bayero da ke Kano a Nijeriya, ya nuna cewa masu amfani da Hausa suna bukatar wayewa da fadada fahimtarsu kan yadda masana’antar fasahar harsuna take gudana a fadin duniya, da fasahohin koyar da kwakwalwar kamfuta, wato “machine learning”.
A wasu lokuta akwai karancin masaniyar inda ake tallatawa ko neman masu yin wannan ayyuka, wanda hakan ke janyo yanayin da wadanda ba Hausawa ba, kuma ba su kware a koyon Hausar ba suna karbar ayyuka, kuma suna yin su ba tare da inganci ba.
A cewar Mahmud Fagge, wani dalilin da yake hana masu bincike iya sarrafa kundin wallafe-wallafe a harshen Hausa, don amfani a na’rorin zamani, shi ne bambancin karin harshe musamman a rubuce tsakanin mabambantan mutane masu amfani da Hausa a littafai da ma intanet.
Haka nan, ya kuma koka kan rashin daidaito tsakanin masu magana da harshen wadanda suka fito daga sassan duniya daban-daban da ke magana da harshen Hausa. Wannan yana haifar da rashin ingancin manhajoji da samfuran abubuwan da ake samarwa.”
5) Cibiyoyin da kamfanonin inganta harshe
Malam Sheme ya bayyana wa TRT Afrika cewa, “A zamanin baya, akwai cibiyar kula da ka’idojin rubuta a wallafe-wallafen Hausa mai suna “Hausa Language Board”. Cibiyar ta taimaka wajen kare martaba da ingancin Hausa”.
Ya kara da cewa, “A yanzu kuwa kusan kowa yana rubutu yadda ya ga dama, ya jera rubutu son-ransa ba tare da bin ka’idojin rubuta ba. Ana gurbata rubutu da ma’ana saboda rashin saka lankwasa ko raba kalmomi.”
Wannan batu ya tilasta bukatar manazarta da masu kishin Hausa su kara himma wajen fayyace ka’idojinsa da yadda ake gina jumlolin Hausa.
Kuma su sanya ido da ba da shawarwari ga kamfanonin fasaha, don samar da ingantaccen rubutun Hausa da za a shigar a na’urorin kwamfuta da na kirkirarriyar basira.
Sai dai kuma, yawancin kamfanonin da ke samarwa ko dillancin ayyukan fassara da fasahar harshen Hausa, suna mayar da hankali ne kan fassara finafinai da littattafai, da tallace-tallace, da manhajoji da shafukan intanet, domin neman riba.
A yau, kamfanonin da ke irin wannan aiki kan Hausa, ba su da yawa, kuma kusan dukansu suna kasashen Yamma masu cigaban fasaha da kere-kere.
Akwai su Google, da Amazon, da Microsoft, da Meta. Duk da cewa suna kokari wajen daukar kwararru, akan samu rashin dace da tangardar fasaha wanda ke iya samar da sakamako mai nakasu.
Haka nan, yawancin kamfanonin suna bai wa kwastomiminsu ne kadai damar amfani da manhajojin da fasahohin, wadanda a wasu lokuta ake bukatar sai sun yi rijistar shiga tare da biyan kudade.
6) ‘Yancin amfani da harshe
Wasu masu kishin harshen Hausa kamar Mahmud Fagge, sun bayyana murnarsa da ganin sabbin kafofin sadarwa da suke ci gaba da rungumar harshen Hausa, inda ya ambaci sashen TRT Afrika Hausa, wanda aka bude a wannan shekara.
A hukumance, harsunan duniya ba a ko’ina suke da gata a fannin doka da tsarin gwamnatoci ba, yadda za a yi amfani da su da tabbatar da ganin ana damawa da su a fannonin rayuwa, da kuma kaucewa tauye hakkin masu amfanin da harsuna kanana.
Idan muka duba manyan shafukan sada zumunta na Facebook, Twitter, Intagram, WhatsApp, da TikTok, za mu ga cewa Facebook da WhatsApp ne kadai suke aiki a harshen Hausa a matsayin yaren manhaja. An ruwaito TikTok da Twitter suna kokarin fara amfani da Hausa.
A cewar wata kungiyar masu fafutukar samar da ‘yancin amfani da harsunan duniya, musamman tsirarun harsuna, matukar mutane ba ya iya amfani da harshensa a kafofin sadarwa, ko ganin harshen a talabijin, rediyo, da intanet, to “ana danne musu haƙƙoƙin harshensu”.
Wannan kungiya mai suna “Gamayyar Duniya kan Haƙƙoƙin Harshe (Global Coalition for Language Righst) tana aiki don kare haƙƙoƙin harshe ga kowa”.
Kungiyar mai mambobi a faɗin duniya, tana da burin tallafawa harsuna kamar Hausa don a dama da su a duniya.
Mafita ga harshen Hausa a duniyar intanet
Masanan da TRT Afrika ta zanta da su, sun bayar da dabarun da za a bi don tallafawa harshen Hausa ya cimma matsayinsa na babban harshen duniya a fagen fasahar zamani.
Na farko shi ne zaburar da masu amfani da harshen wajen kishin kyautata rubutu bisa tsari da kaidojin harshen.
Na biyu, ana bukatar samun karin masana ‘yan aikin sa-kai a fannoni daban-daban na fasahar harshe, ta yadda wasu za su mayar da hankali kan gina na’ura ta fahimci maganar Hausa, wasu kuma kan fahimtar rubutun Hausa, wasu kuma kan fassara da gargajiyantarwa.
Na uku, akwai bukatar a samu hadin gwiwa tsakanin masana da manazarta da mutane masu sha’awar gina harshen Hausa.
Shamsuddeen ya ba da misalin gamayyar Hausa NLP da suka kafa, wadda ke yunkurin kyautata alaka tsakanin masana kwamfuta da masana harshen Hausa.
Ya ce, “Mun yi hadin gwiwa da Jami’ar Bayero don shigar da ayyukan daliban digiri na biyu da na uku, cikin kwamfuta, don tattarawa a zuba a samfurin kwakwalwar kwamfuta, don inganta kwarewar fasahohi da manhajoji su iya Hausa”.
Na hudu, akwai bukatar samar da kudade don inganta harshen Hausa, da kafa karin cibiyoyin inganta fasahar harshen, da hada karfi da karfe tsakanon masu bincike da cibiyoyin ilimi, da kamfanonin fasaha don daukaka Hausa.
Malam Sheme ya yi kira da a bibiyi ayyukan masana, kamar Farfesa Muhammad Hambali Jinju wadanda suka yi aiki kan kalmomin kimiyya da fasaha, kuma a dora a inda suka tsaya. Sannan a koma koyar da darusan makaranta a harshen Hausa don rage wa dalibai wahalar koyo.
liberty Radio Abuja
Domin Samun sauran shirye shiryenmu, Zaku iya bibiyarmu a
Facebook. Alfijir Labarai
YouTube. Best Seller Channel
Twitter. @Musabestseller
Instagram. @musa_bestseller
Ko a latsa nan don shiga Group Whatsapp na Alfijir Labarai 👇
https://chat.whatsapp.com/Jmw5CBsPV6H3DbSgnlFUHM