Abdussalam Muhammad Kani, FCFA
PhD (Economics), M.Sc. (Economics), B.Ed. (Economics), N.C.E. (English/Economics)
Dimokaraɗiyya ba ta bunƙasa a hanya hana yancin Magana, tsoro, ko fassarar doka ta son rai. Dimokaraɗiyya tana bunƙasa ne a kan muhawara a bayyane, fahimtar kundin tsarin mulki, da girmama ikon shari’a. Ƙoƙarin amfani da dokokin aikin gwamnati a matsayin makami don murƙushe ra’ayoyi masu sabani ko waɗanda ba su yi wa wasu daɗi ba, ba kishin ƙasa ba ne; hari ne kai tsaye kan tsarin mulki. Kotun Koli ta yi hukunci a sarari cewa dokokin aikin gwamnati ba su fi Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya ba.
Dokokin aikin gwamnati ƙasa suke da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Tarayyar Najeriya. Su tsare-tsaren gudanar da aiki ne, ba tsare-tsaren ware mutane daga haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki ba. Kotun Koli ta Najeriya ta rufe wannan batu tun a hukuncin tarihi na Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) v. Balarabe Musa & Ors (2003) 10 WRN 1. A wannan hukunci, Kotun Koli ta tabbatar babu shakka cewa ma’aikatan gwamnati ba a hana su shiga ƙungiyoyin siyasa kawai saboda aikin da suke yi ba. Kotun ta yanke hukunci cewa Sashe na 40 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin 1999 (da aka yi wa gyara)—wanda ke ba da ’yancin taro da haɗuwa—yana shafar kowane mutum, har da ma’aikatan gwamnati.
Babu wani dalili mai inganci a cikin al’umma mai dimokuraɗiyya da zai hana ma’aikatan gwamnati yin rajista ko kasancewa mambobin jam’iyyun siyasa. Idan wasu tanade-tanade na Dokokin Aikin Gwamnati suka yi karo da haƙƙoƙin asali da Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya tanada, dole ne yin watsi da waɗannan dokoki. Haƙƙoƙin siyasa da Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya tabbatar ba su da sharaɗi, sai dai inda Kundin Tsarin Mulki kansa ya saka iyaka.
Faɗin ra’ayi na siyasa ba daidai yake da aikata laifin jam’iyya ba. Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya bai haramta tunani, ra’ayi, ko sharhin ilimi ba. A maimakon haka, yana kare su. Mafi muhimmanci, malamai da masana ilimi suna da matsayi na musamman a fuskar tsarin mulki da ɗabi’a. ’Yancin ilimi wanda duniya ta amince da shi kuma ake karewa a ɓoye ta hanyar ’yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da haɗuwa ya haɗa da ’yancin bincika manufofin gwamnati, sukar shugabanci, da yin tsokaci kan al’amuran siyasa bisa ilimi da bincike. Yin nuni cewa malamai su yi shiru kan batutuwan siyasa hari ne kai tsaye ga ruhin ilimi da bincike.
Gaskiya ne cewa dokokin aikin gwamnati suna sanya wasu takunkumai, musamman game da shiga harkokin jam’iyya kai tsaye, amfani da mukami ba daidai ba, ko tsayawa takara ba tare da yin murabus ba. Waɗannan matakan kariya ne na gudanarwa da aka tanada domin kiyaye tsarin ayyukan ma’aikata, wanda hakan bayan nufin umarnin rufe baki na tsarin mulki ya bayar ba. A zahiri ma, lauyoyi da ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, ciki har da Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), suna yawan dogaro da hukuncin INEC v. Balarabe Musa wajen tabbatar da cewa ma’aikatan gwamnati suna ci gaba da rike haƙƙoƙinsu na siyasa a matsayinsu na ’yan ƙasa. Idan ma’aikacin gwamnati na son tsayawa takara, doka ta tanadi cewa ya yi murabus cikin lokacin da doka ta kayyade. Amma wannan sharadi bai kawar da ’yancin faɗar ra’ayi, haɗuwa, ko yin tsokaci ba.
Idan Mukai duba ga wannan tabbataccen tushen tsarin mulki da shari’a, zasu gano cewa matsayin da wasu wakilai da masu magana da yawun kungiyar da ake kira Nigeria First Group cewa ma’aikaci bai kamata ya rika sa baki a harkokin siyasa ba, ba wai kuskure kawai ba ne, har ma ba shi da tushe a doka. Faɗin cewa ma’aikacin gwamnati, ko ma malami, an hana shi bayyana ra’ayin siyasa na nufin rashin fahimtar dokar tsarin mulki da ka’idojin dimokuraɗiyya.
Da ace wanda ake zargi ya dauki nauyin wannan kungiyar tayi wannan korafin ya kammala akalla karatun difloma a fannin shari’a a Aminu Kano College of Islamic and Legal Studies, ko ya yi nisa a karatun digirin lauya da ya bari, da zai iya basu shawara cewa rubuta irin wannan ƙorafi ɓata lokaci ne kawai. Maimakon gabatar da hujja mai ƙarfi, abin da ya bayyana shi ne ƙarancin ilimi, rashin kyakkyawan hukunci, da fifita san rai akan ainihiin ci gaban al’umma.
A karshe mu sani cewa ita gaskiya ba ta rasa ƙarfinta saboda tana tayar da hankali. Kuma haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki ba sa shuɗewa saboda suna damun masu iko. A cikin dimokuraɗiyya mai kundin tsarin mulki, doka—ba tsoratarwa, ruɗani, ko wuce gona da iri na gudanarwa ba—ita ce zatayi rinjaye a kowane lokaci.
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